-
1 Beteiligung
Beteiligung f 1. BÖRSE stake, (participating) interest; 2. FIN equity holding, interest, int.; 3. GEN involvement; stake (an einem Unternehmen); 4. POL turnout (Wahl); 5. RW participation, share; 6. WIWI trade investments • eine Beteiligung an etw. erwerben GEN acquire an interest in sth, acquire a stake in sth* * *f 1. < Börse> stake, (participating) interest; 2. < Finanz> equity holding, interest (int.) ; 3. < Geschäft> an einem Unternehmen stake, involvement; 4. < Pol> Wahl turnout; 5. < Rechnung> participation, share; 6. <Vw> trade investments ■ eine Beteiligung an etw. erwerben < Geschäft> acquire an interest in sth, acquire a stake in sth* * *Beteiligung
participation, sharing, (Anlage) investment, (Anteil) share, interest, (Gesellschaftsanteil) amount invested [in a company], contribution to capital, stake, (Mitwirkung) cooperation, collaboration, (Teilnehmerzahl) attendance, (Unterstützung) support, contribution;
• mit der Aussicht späterer Beteiligung with a view to partnership;
• mit Beteiligung am Gewinn participating;
• Beteiligungen holdings, shareholdings, stockholdings (US), (Bilanz) investments, equitable (equity) interests;
• steuerlich absetzbare Beteiligung tax-deductive share;
• ausländische Beteiligungen foreign interests;
• finanzielle Beteiligung [financial] interest, financial holding (participation);
• formale (nominelle) Beteiligung nominal participation (interest);
• geringe Beteiligung thin attendance;
• industrielle Beteiligung industrial participation;
• kommanditistische Beteiligung limited partnership interest;
• maßgebliche Beteiligung controlling interest;
• minimale Beteiligung little or no participation;
• prozentuale Beteiligung quota;
• staatliche Beteiligung government[al] participation (interest);
• stille Beteiligung secret (sleeping, Br., dormant, silent, US) partnership;
• verschiedene Beteiligungen (Bilanz) sundry investments and interests;
• Beteiligung an etw. exposure to s. th.;
• Beteiligungen durch Aktienbesitz shareholdings (Br.), stockholdings (US);
• Beteiligung am staatlichen Altersversorgungswerk contracting into the state pension scheme;
• Beteiligung der Angestellten (Belegschaft) am Aktienkapital employee share (Br.) (stock, US) ownership;
• Beteiligung der Arbeiter und Angestellten am Gewinn industrial partnership, profit sharing;
• Beteiligungen im Ausland foreign investments;
• Beteiligungen an Banken und Bankfirmen shareholding stockholding (US), interest in foreign banks;
• Beteiligung an einem Dokumentengeschäft negotiating a documentary credit;
• Beteiligung Dritter am Rechtsstreit third-party notice;
• Beteiligung an der Geschäftsführung management sharing (US);
• Beteiligungen an Gesellschaften investment in companies (corporations, US);
• Beteiligung am Gewinn share of profits, profit sharing;
• Beteiligung an einem Konsortium underwriting participation;
• Beteiligung an den Kosten shareholding of costs;
• Beteiligung an der Patentverwertung interest in the patent exploitation;
• Beteiligung der Pensionskasse pension fund’s holdings;
• Beteiligung am Stammkapital equity participation;
• Beteiligung an Tochter- und Konzerngesellschaften investments in subsidiaries and associated companies;
• Beteiligung von erheblichem Umfang material interests;
• Beteiligung an einem Unternehmen participation in an enterprise;
• Beteiligung am Verlust sharing of loss;
• Beteiligung anderer Versicherer co-insurance;
• gute (schlechte) Beteiligung an der Wahl heavy (small) poll;
• Beteiligung an einer Werbesendung co-sponsoring;
• Beteiligungen und andere Wertpapiere (Bilanz) bonds and other interests;
• Beteiligung abgeben to realize an investment;
• jem. eine Beteiligung an seinem Geschäft anbieten to offer s. o. an interest in one’s business;
• seine Beteiligung aufgeben to withdraw one’s money from a business, to stand down;
• mehrere Beteiligungen besitzen to have holdings in several companies;
• Beteiligung erwerben to secure an interest;
• Beteiligung durch Erlassen der Rückzahlung von Staatskrediten erwerben to buy its way in by waiving repayment of state loans;
• an einem Unternehmen in großzügiger Weise Beteiligungen erwerben to launch a corporation on an acquisition drive;
• seine Beteiligung zu erkennen geben to disclose one’s interest;
• mehrere Beteiligungen haben to have holdings in several companies (corporations, US);
• seine Beteiligung den Steuerbehörden offen legen to reveal one’s holdings to the tax authorities;
• Beteiligung realisieren to realize an investment;
• unter lebhafter Beteiligung der Bevölkerung stattfinden to be accompanied by demonstrations of public sympathy;
• j. zur Beteiligung an etw. veranlassen to interest s. o. in s. th.;
• seine Beteiligung verkaufen to sell out one’s share of business;
• sich in immer größerem Ausmaß Beteiligungen zulegen to play the acquisition game;
• volle Beteiligung zugesagt full interest admitted. -
2 Kommanditanteil
Kommanditanteil m GEN, RECHT limited partner’s share* * *Kommanditanteil
limited partnership interest;
• Kommanditbeteiligung participation in a limited partnership. -
3 долевое участие в обществе с ограниченной ответственностью
Economy: limited partnership interestУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > долевое участие в обществе с ограниченной ответственностью
-
4 kommanditistische Beteiligung
kommanditistische Beteiligung
limited partnership interestBusiness german-english dictionary > kommanditistische Beteiligung
-
5 Gesellschafter
Gesellschafter m GEN, PERS partner, associate (Personengesellschaft); shareholder, stockholder (Kapitalgesellschaft)* * *Gesellschafter
member of a company (Br.) (corporation, US), partner, associate, corporate member, (Aktiengesellschaft) shareholder, stockholder (US);
• abwickelnder Gesellschafter liquidating partner;
• ausgeschiedener Gesellschafter retired partner;
• ausscheidender Gesellschafter retiring (outgoing, withdrawing) partner;
• vom Konkurs betroffener Gesellschafter solvent partner;
• vom Konkurs nicht betroffener Gesellschafter solvent partner;
• neu eintretender Gesellschafter incoming partner;
• Gesellschaftsverhältnis fortsetzender Gesellschafter surviving partner;
• geschäftsführender Gesellschafter active (managing, working) partner, active owner;
• beschränkt haftender Gesellschafter special (limited) partner;
• persönlich haftender Gesellschafter general (ordinary, Br., unlimited, associated, responsible) partner;
• nicht persönlich haftender Gesellschafter subordinate partner (Br.);
• unbeschränkt haftender Gesellschafter general (unlimited) partner;
• konzernfremder Gesellschafter outside shareholder;
• liquidierender Gesellschafter liquidating partner;
• minderjähriger Gesellschafter infant partner (member of a partnership);
• nomineller Gesellschafter nominal (quasi, holding-out, Br.) partner;
• scheinbarer Gesellschafter ostensible partner;
• schuldender Gesellschafter debtor partner;
• stiller Gesellschafter dormant (silent, secret, Br., sleeping) partner;
• tätiger Gesellschafter working (active) partner;
• nicht tätiger Gesellschafter inactive partner;
• verbleibender Gesellschafter continuing partner;
• verstorbener Gesellschafter deceased partner;
• vorgeschobener Gesellschafter ostensible partner;
• zahlungsunfähiger Gesellschafter partner in default;
• Gesellschafter mit gleichen Geschäftsanteilen equal partners;
• Gesellschafter einer Offenen Handelsgesellschaft general partner;
• als Gesellschafter aufnehmen to introduce as partner;
• j. als Gesellschafter ausgeben to hold s. o. out as a partner;
• als Gesellschafter ausscheiden to withdraw (retire) from a partnership;
• als Gesellschafter persönlich haften to be personally liable as a partner;
• Gesellschafter werden to become partner of a firm, to join a company, to enter into a partnership;
• Gesellschafterabfindung buyout of a partner;
• Gesellschafteranteil share, partnership interest;
• Gesellschafteraufnahme admission in a partnership;
• Gesellschafterausschluss expulsion of a partner;
• Gesellschafterbeschluss corporate resolution;
• Gesellschaftereinlage partner’s capital;
• Gesellschafterentnahmen drawing by partners;
• Gesellschaftergewinn partnership profit;
• Gesellschafterhaftung liability of partners, partnership liability -
6 Gesellschaft
Gesellschaft f 1. GEN association, society (Vereinigung); company, Co.; 2. RECHT company; partnership (Personengesellschaft); (AE) corporation (Kapitalgesellschaft); 3. WIWI company • eine Gesellschaft auf Matrixmanagement umstellen GEN go matrix • eine (Personen-)Gesellschaft gründen GEN form a partnership, set up a partnership, establish a partnership* * *f 1. < Geschäft> association, company (Co.), society; 2. < Recht> Vertragsrecht company; 3. <Vw> company (Co.) ■ eine Gesellschaft auf Matrixmanagement umstellen < Geschäft> go matrix ■ eine Gesellschaft gründen < Geschäft> form a partnership, set up a partnership, establish a partnership* * *Gesellschaft
(Handelsgesellschaft) company, corporation (US), (Teilhaberschaft) partnership firm, [co]partnership, (Vereinigung) society, association, union, fellowship;
• abgewickelte Gesellschaft dissolved company;
• abhängige Gesellschaft controlled (underlying, US) company, subsidiary company (corporation, US);
• angegliederte Gesellschaft associated (related) company (Br.), affiliated corporation (US), affiliate;
• Kapital anlegende Gesellschaft investor company;
• geographisch aufgegliederte Gesellschaft multidivision corporation (US);
• aufgelöste Gesellschaft dissolved company (corporation, US), company wound up, defunct company;
• aufnehmende Gesellschaft (Fusion) absorbing company;
• nicht auf den Betrieb eines Handelsunternehmens ausgerichtete Gesellschaft non-trading company;
• mit zu geringem Eigenkapital ausgestattete Gesellschaft equity-starved company;
• ausländische (auswärtige) Gesellschaft foreign (alien) corporation (US), alien (overseas, Br.) company;
• ausschüttende Gesellschaft dividend-paying company;
• Verlustausgleich beantragende Gesellschaft claimant company;
• befreundete Gesellschaft corresponding company, correspondent;
• im Wandel begriffene Gesellschaft changing society;
• beherrschende Gesellschaft controlling company;
• beklagte Gesellschaft defendant company (corporation);
• aus mehreren Personen bestehende Gesellschaft corporation aggregate (US);
• beteiligte Gesellschaft participating company;
• privatwirtschaftlich betriebene Gesellschaft privately held company;
• nur in Schablonen denkende Gesellschaft punched-card society;
• einbringende Gesellschaft (Fusion) vendor company;
• fortschrittlich eingestellte Gesellschaft forward-looking company;
• handelsgerichtlich eingetragene Gesellschaft registered(incorporated) company (Br.), registered corporation (US);
• nicht im Handelsregister eingetragene Gesellschaft unregistered corporation (US) (company, Br.);
• emittierende Gesellschaft issuing company;
• enteignete Gesellschaft dispossessed (condemned, US) company;
• Gewinnabführungsbeträge entgegennehmende Gesellschaft claimant company;
• neu entstandene Gesellschaft resultant (newly formed) company;
• durch Simultangründung entstandene Gesellschaft non-prospectus company (Br.);
• erlesene Gesellschaft select company;
• im Handelsregister erloschene Gesellschaft defunct company;
• fehlerhaft errichtete Gesellschaft defective company;
• ordnungsgemäß errichtete Gesellschaft de jure corporation (US);
• exklusive Gesellschaft exclusive social circles;
• federführende Gesellschaft pilot company;
• fortbestehende Gesellschaft standing company;
• äußerst freizügige Gesellschaft permissive society;
• fusionierende Gesellschaft merger company, consolidated corporation (US);
• fusionierte Gesellschaft merged company;
• ordnungsgemäß gegründete Gesellschaft de jure corporation (US);
• aus Steuergründen vorübergehend gegründete Gesellschaft collapsible corporation (US);
• für einen besonderen Zweck gegründete Gesellschaft special partnership;
• gut geleitete Gesellschaft well-managed company;
• im Handelsregister gelöschte Gesellschaft defunct company;
• gemeinnützige Gesellschaft nonprofit[-making] (public-serivce) company, benevolent (membership, US, nonprofit, US, public utility) corporation;
• geschlossene Gesellschaft private party (company), club;
• Gewinn abführende Gesellschaft surrendering company;
• halbstaatliche Gesellschaft semigovernmental corporation (US);
• Handel treibende Gesellschaft commercial partnership;
• herrschende Gesellschaft controlling company;
• integrative Gesellschaft integrated society;
• [nicht] konsolidierte Gesellschaft [non-]consolidated company;
• kontrollierende Gesellschaft proprietary (US) (controlling) company;
• konzessionierte Gesellschaft licensed company;
• leoninische Gesellschaft leonine partnership;
• an der Grenze der Rentabilität liegende Gesellschaft marginal company;
• liquidierte Gesellschaft dissolved company;
• mittelständische Gesellschaft middle-class society;
• nachindustrielle Gesellschaft postindustrial society;
• nahe stehende Gesellschaft associated company (Br.), affiliated corporation (US);
• Not leidende Gesellschaft company in default;
• öffentlich-rechtliche Gesellschaft public company (corporation, US);
• privatrechtliche Gesellschaft private corporation (US);
• rechtsfähige Gesellschaft incorporated (registered) company (Br.), corporation de jure (US);
• nicht rechtsfähige Gesellschaft corporation de facto (US), unincorporated (unregistered) company (Br.);
• rückversicherte Gesellschaft reinsured carrier;
• sanierte Gesellschaft reorganized company (corporation) (US), reconstructed company (corporation);
• staatliche Gesellschaft government company;
• stille Gesellschaft dormant (secret, silent, US) partnership;
• stillgelegte Gesellschaft defunct company (Br.);
• effektiv tätige Gesellschaft operating company;
• treuhänderisch tätige Gesellschaft corporation acting as trustee;
• übernehmende Gesellschaft (Fusion) surviving (transferee) company;
• übertragende Gesellschaft (Fusion) transferor company;
• unseriöse Gesellschaft dubious (wildcat) company;
• veräußernde Gesellschaft vendor company;
• verpachtende Gesellschaft lessor company;
• verschachtelte Gesellschaften interrelated companies;
• verstaatlichte Gesellschaft nationalized company;
• vertrauenswürdige Gesellschaft reliable firm;
• vorgeschobene Gesellschaft dummy corporation (US);
• wissensbasierte Gesellschaft knowledge-based society;
• zugelassene Gesellschaft chartered corporation;
• Gesellschaft zur Absatzfinanzierung sales-finance company;
• Gesellschaft, deren Aktien an der Börse gehandelt werden quoted company;
• Gesellschaft in Arbeitnehmerhand employee-owned company;
• Gesellschaft zur Aufbewahrung von Wertgegenständen safe company (US);
• Gesellschaft für musikalische Aufführungs- und mechanische Vervielfältigungsrechte (GEMA) [etwa] Performing Rights Society (Br.);
• Gesellschaft ohne Ausgrenzung inclusive society;
• Gesellschaft mit öffentlich-rechtlichen Befugnissen quasi-public company (corporation, US);
• Gesellschaft zur Bekämpfung des Wettbewerbs Council of Better Business Bureaus;
• Gesellschaft mit Dividendenbeschränkung limited-dividend corporation (US);
• Gesellschaft zur Erschließung von Baugelände industrial development company, development concern (US);
• Gesellschaft zur Finanzierung der Viehzucht cattle-loan company;
• Gesellschaft zur Finanzierung von Warenkrediten commercial credit company;
• Gesellschaft an der Grenze der Rentabilität marginal company;
• Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH) [etwa] exempt private (limited) company (Br.), a type of close corporation under German law (US), limited liability company, Br., corporation (US);
• Gesellschaft zur Leitung eines öffentlichen Versorgungsbetriebes public service corporation (US);
• Gesellschaft der Luftfrachtagenten society of air cargo agents;
• Gesellschaft mit begrenztem Mitgliederkreis close company (Br.) (corporation, US);
• Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Nachschusspflicht company limited by guarantee (Br.);
• Gesellschaft mit breit gestreutem Produktionsprogramm diversified company (corporation, US);
• Gesellschaft des bürgerlichen Rechts [etwa] partnership at will, non-trading partnership, civil (unlimited) corporation (US);
• Gesellschaft kraft Rechtsscheins partnership by estoppel (Br.);
• Gesellschaft in ausschließlichem Schachtelbesitz wholly-owned corporation (US)
• Gesellschaft auflösen to liquidate a company, to dissolve a business company, to wind up a company (partnership);
• aus einer Gesellschaft austreten to take one’s name off the books, to withdraw from a society;
• einer Gesellschaft als Mitglied beitreten to affiliate o. s. to (with) a society, to enter a society;
• seine Arbeitskraft in eine Gesellschaft einbringen to contribute one’s services to a company;
• Gesellschaft handelsgerichtlich eintragen to register (incorporate) a company;
• in eine Gesellschaft als Teilhaber eintreten to enter a company as partner;
• Gesellschaft errichten to establish a company, to create a corporation (US);
• zwei Gesellschaften fusionieren to unite two companies;
• Gesellschaft gründen to establish a partnership, to incorporate (float, Br., found, form, promote, set up, start) a company, to create a corporation (US);
• Gesellschaft aus den roten Zahlen herausführen to administer a company from red to black (US coll.);
• Gesellschaft nicht verpflichten können to have no power to bind a company;
• Gesellschaft lancieren to promote a company;
• Gesellschaft im Handelsregister löschen [lassen] to withdraw partnership registration;
• jem. Gesellschaft leisten to keep s. o. company;
• Gesellschaft leiten to manage a firm;
• Gesellschaft liquidieren to dissolve a business company (partnership), to liquidate (wind up) a company;
• als Gesellschaft prozessieren to sue in its corporate name;
• Gesellschaft ins Leben rufen to institute a society;
• Finanzen einer Gesellschaft sanieren to rehabilitate a company financially, to reconstruct (reorganize) a company;
• an verschiedenen Gesellschaften beteiligt sein to have holdings in several companies;
• mit 100.000 Dollar an einer Gesellschaft beteiligt sein to have an interest of $ 100,000 in a company;
• Gesellschaft schon vor Zahlung der Steuern in die roten Zahlen treiben to drive a company into the red at the pretax level;
• Gesellschaft übernehmen to take over a company;
• Gesellschaft nur nominell übertragen to transfer a company on paper;
• in eine Gesellschaft umwandeln to form into a company;
• Abend in Gesellschaft verbringen to spend a social evening;
• Gesellschaft verklagen to prosecute a company;
• in eine Gesellschaft aufgenommen werden to be admitted into a company.
umgliedern (umgründen), Gesellschaft
to reorganize a company.
Gesellschaft, deren Aktien an der Börse gehandelt werden
quoted company -
7 conocimiento
m.1 knowledge.hablar/actuar con conocimiento de causa to know what one is talking about/doingponer algo en conocimiento de alguien to bring something to somebody's attention, to inform somebody of somethingtener conocimiento de algo to be aware of somethingha llegado a mi conocimiento que estás insatisfecho it has come to my attention that you are not happy2 consciousness (sentido, conciencia).perder/recobrar el conocimiento to lose/regain consciousnessestaba tumbado en el suelo, sin conocimiento he was lying unconscious on the floor3 awareness, consciousness, cognizance.* * *2 (sensatez) good sense3 (conciencia) consciousness\con conocimiento de causa with full knowledge of the factsperder el conocimiento to lose consciousnessponer algo en conocimiento de alguien to make something known to somebody, inform somebody of somethingrecobrar el conocimiento to regain consciousness, come roundtener conocimiento de algo to know about something* * *noun m.1) knowledge* * *SM1) (=saber) knowledgeconocimientos — (=nociones) knowledge sing
mis pocos conocimientos de filosofía/cocina — my limited knowledge of philosophy/cookery
2) (=información) knowledgeel encuentro tuvo lugar sin conocimiento público — the meeting took place without the public's knowledge
•
dar conocimiento de algo, dimos conocimiento del robo a la policía — we informed the police about the robbery•
llegar a conocimiento de algn — to come to sb's attention o notice•
tener conocimiento de algo, aún no tenemos conocimiento de su detención — we still do not know that he has been arrestedse les informó al tenerse conocimiento del suceso — they were informed as soon as it was known what had happened
desea ponerlo en conocimiento público — he wants it brought to the public's attention, he wishes it to be made public
el Ministro ha puesto en conocimiento del rey su decisión — the minister has informed the king of his decision
conocimiento de causa, hacer algo con conocimiento de causa — to be fully aware of what one is doing
3) (=consciencia) consciousnessrecobrar o recuperar el conocimiento — to regain consciousness
4) (=sentido común) common sense5) (Jur) cognizance frm6) (Com)* * *1)a) ( saber) knowledgeb) conocimientos masculino plural ( nociones) knowledge2) (frml) ( información)dar conocimiento de algo a alguien — to inform o (frml) apprise somebody of something
pongo en su conocimiento que... — (Corresp) I am writing to inform you that...
llegar a conocimiento de alguien — to come to somebody's attention o notice (frml)
con conocimiento de causa: obró con conocimiento de causa (frml) he took this step, fully aware of what the consequences would be; hablo con conocimiento de causa — I know what I'm talking about
3) ( sentido) consciousnessperder/recobrar el conocimiento — to lose/regain consciousness
4) ( entendimiento)aún es pequeño, no tiene todavía conocimiento — he's not old enough to understand
* * *= cognition, competency, enlightenment, expertise, familiarisation [familiarization, -USA], familiarity, insight, knowledge, learning, acquaintance, understanding, cognisance [cognizance, -USA], connoisseurship, consciousness.Ex. The information-processing model of cognition, and developments in artificial intelligence encourage such comparisons = El modelo de la cognición sobre el procesamiento de la información de y los avances de la inteligencia artificial fomentan este tipo de comparaciones.Ex. SLIS programmes intended to 'produce' librarians with competency in the use of IT have to be designed.Ex. Considered as necessary work in the interest of humanity and general enlightenment, bibliography gains ground as the years pass.Ex. Its primary function is to provide a centre for software and hardware expertise for its members.Ex. Step 1 Familiarisation: This first step involves the indexer in becoming conversant with the subject content of the document to be indexed.Ex. The most effective searchers are those who have both system experience and some familiarity with the subject area in which they are searching.Ex. The human indexer works mechanically and rapidly; he should require no insight into the document content.Ex. These factors form the basis of the problems in identifying a satisfactory subject approach, and start to explain the vast array of different tolls used in the subject approach to knowledge.Ex. It is the responsibility of educators to stretch their student's intellects, hone their skills of intuitive judgment and synthesis, and build a love of learning that will sustain them beyond the level of formal education.Ex. It is only with accumulating experience and many years of close study and acquaintance with bibliographic works that a really substantial body of knowledge of the potential of bibliographic sources is acquired.Ex. We librarians ought to have a clearer understanding of our stock-in-trade (books) and their function of social mechanism.Ex. The passive cognisance of growth causes considerable difficulties = El conocimiento pasivo del crecimiento causa dificultades importantes.Ex. This book explores the underlying institutional factors that help museum-based connoisseurship and aestheticism and university-based critical theory and revisionist scholarship exist.Ex. For example, the latter are unlikely to engage themselves in conservation issues as these now press upon the professional consciousness of librarians.----* actualizar los conocimientos = upgrade + Posesivo + skills.* adquirir conocimiento = gain + knowledge, glean + knowledge, acquire + knowledge, build up + knowledge.* ampliar el conocimiento = expand + Posesivo + knowledge, expand + Posesivo + knowledge, widen + knowledge, broaden + knowledge, deepen + understanding.* ampliar las fronteras del conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.* análisis de áreas del conocimiento = domain analysis.* análisis de dominios del conocimiento = domain analysis.* aprendizaje rico en conocimiento = knowledge-rich learning.* área de conocimiento = area of study.* área del conocimiento = area of knowledge, discipline, subject field, field of activity, knowledge domain, discipline of knowledge.* aumentar el conocimiento = expand + Posesivo + knowledge, deepen + awareness.* aumento del conocimiento = knowledge building.* bannco de conocimiento = knowledge bank.* basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-based.* basado en las disciplinas del conocimiento = discipline-based.* bibliotecario con conocimientos de medicina = informationist.* búsqueda del conocimiento = quest for/of knowledge.* campo del conocimiento = field of knowledge.* centrado en el conocimiento = knowledge-centric.* ciencia del conocimiento = cognitive science.* compartir el conocimiento = knowledge sharing, pool + knowledge.* con conocimiento = authoritatively.* con conocimiento básico en el manejo de la información = information literate [information-literate].* con conocimiento básico en el uso de la biblioteca = library literate [library-literate].* con conocimiento de = appreciative of, conversant with.* con conocimiento de causa = knowingly, knowingly.* con conocimiento de informática = computer literate [computer-literate].* con conocimiento en el uso de Internet = Internet-savvy.* con conocimientos en = versed in.* con conocimientos sobre el correo electrónico = e-mail literate.* con el conocimiento de que = on the understanding that.* conjunto de conocimientos = body of knowledge.* conocimiento académico = academic knowledge.* conocimiento acumulado sobre un tema = lore.* conocimiento básico = working familiarity, working knowledge.* conocimiento científico = scientific knowledge.* conocimiento compartido = knowledge sharing.* conocimiento de base = foundation study.* conocimiento de cómo sobrevivir en el bosque = woodcraft.* conocimiento de embarque = bill of lading.* conocimiento de la existencia = awareness.* conocimiento de lengua = language skill.* conocimiento del objeto = object knowledge.* conocimiento de los diferentes soportes = media competency.* conocimiento detallado = intimate knowledge.* conocimiento de un área temática = area knowledge.* conocimiento documentado = recorded knowledge.* conocimiento enciclopédico = factual knowledge.* conocimiento en tecnología = technological skill.* conocimiento específico = expert knowledge.* conocimiento experto = expert knowledge, expertise.* conocimiento explícito = explicit knowledge.* conocimiento factual = declarative knowledge.* conocimiento humano = human consciousness.* conocimiento humano, el = human record, the.* conocimiento indígena = indigenous knowledge.* conocimiento lingüístico = language skill.* conocimiento mutuo = mutual knowledge.* conocimiento pasivo = nodding acquaintance.* conocimiento pleno = awareness.* conocimiento práctico = working knowledge, procedural knowledge.* conocimiento previo = foreknowledge.* conocimientos = knowledge base [knowledge-base].* conocimientos básicos = literacy.* conocimientos básicos de búsqueda, recuperación y organización de informació = information literacy.* conocimientos básicos de documentación = information literacy.* conocimientos básicos de informática = computer literacy.* conocimientos básicos en tecnología = technical literacy.* conocimientos básicos sobre el uso de las bibliotecas = library skills.* conocimientos de tecnología = techno-savvy, tech-savvy.* conocimientos en el manejo de la información = info-savvy.* conocimiento sobre una materia = subject knowledge.* conocimientos requeridos = job specs.* conocimiento tácito = tacit knowledge, tacit knowledge, tacit knowledge.* conocimiento técnico = know-how, technical knowledge.* conocimiento teórico = declarative knowledge.* con poco conocimiento de las nuevas tecnologías = technologically challenged.* corpus de conocimiento = corpus of knowledge.* crear un fondo común de conocimientos = pool + knowledge.* cúmulo de conocimiento = repository of knowledge, knowledge repository.* decisión con conocimiento de causa = informed decision.* difundir el conocimiento = spread + knowledge.* director ejecutivo de la gestión del conocimiento = knowledge executive.* dominio del conocimiento = knowledge domain.* economía basada en el conocimiento = knowledge driven economy.* economía del conocimiento = knowledge economy.* Era del Conocimiento, la = Knowledge Age, the.* estructuración del conocimiento = knowledge structuring.* examinar los conocimientos = test + knowledge.* falta de conocimiento = unfamiliarity.* filtro del conocimiento = knowledge filter.* fomentar el conocimiento = advance + knowledge.* fondo común de conocimientos = pool of knowledge, pool of expertise.* frontera del conocimiento = frontier of knowledge.* fundamentos del conocimiento, los = foundations of knowledge, the.* gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management (KM).* gestor del conocimiento = knowledge worker, knowledge manager.* hacer avanzar el conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.* hacer gala del conocimiento que uno tiene = air + knowledge.* hacer perder el conocimiento = knock + Nombre + out, knock + Nombre + unconscious.* hacer uso de un conocimiento = draw on/upon + knowledge.* impartir conocimiento = impart + knowledge.* inculcar conocimiento = instil + knowledge.* ingeniería del conocimiento = knowledge engineering.* ingeniero del conocimiento = knowledge engineer.* institucion del conocimiento = institution of learning.* intercambio de conocimientos = learning exchange, cross-fertilisation [cross-fertilization, -USA], cross-fertilisation of knowledge.* jefe de los servicios de gestión del conocimiento = chief knowledge officer (CKO).* metaconocimiento = meta-knowledge.* navegación por el conocimiento = knowledge navigation.* navegador del conocimiento = knowledge navigator.* obtener conocimiento = gain + an understanding.* ofrecer conocimiento = package + knowledge.* perder el conocimiento = lose + Posesivo + senses, pass out, lose + Posesivo + consciousness.* pérdida del conocimiento = unconsciousness, fainting, fainting fit, loss of consciousness.* personas sin conocimientos técnicos, las = non-technical, the.* presentar conocimiento = package + knowledge.* producto del conocimiento = knowledge record.* profundizar en el conocimiento = deepen + knowledge.* propagar el conocimiento = propagate + knowledge.* proporcionar conocimientos técnicos = supply + know-how.* quedarse sin conocimiento = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.* rama del conocimiento = branch of learning.* recobrar el conocimiento = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.* recuperar el conocimiento = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.* red de conocimiento = knowledge network.* servidor del conocimiento = knowledge server.* sin conocimiento = unconscious.* sin conocimiento de causa = unbeknown to, unbeknownst to.* sintetizar el conocimiento = synthesise + knowledge.* sistema basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-base system.* sistema de gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management system (KMS).* sociedad basada en el conocimiento = knowledge based society.* sociedad del conocimiento = knowledge society.* Sociedad para el Conocimiento Global = Global Knowledge Partnership.* suministrar conocimientos técnicos = supply + know-how.* tener conocimiento de = be privy to, be aware of.* toma de decisiones con conocimiento de causa = informed decision making.* tomar decisiones con conocimiento de causa = make + informed decisions.* transferencia de conocimiento = transfer of knowledge, knowledge transfer.* utilizar los conocimientos de Uno = put + Posesivo + knowledge to work.* * *1)a) ( saber) knowledgeb) conocimientos masculino plural ( nociones) knowledge2) (frml) ( información)dar conocimiento de algo a alguien — to inform o (frml) apprise somebody of something
pongo en su conocimiento que... — (Corresp) I am writing to inform you that...
llegar a conocimiento de alguien — to come to somebody's attention o notice (frml)
con conocimiento de causa: obró con conocimiento de causa (frml) he took this step, fully aware of what the consequences would be; hablo con conocimiento de causa — I know what I'm talking about
3) ( sentido) consciousnessperder/recobrar el conocimiento — to lose/regain consciousness
4) ( entendimiento)aún es pequeño, no tiene todavía conocimiento — he's not old enough to understand
* * *= cognition, competency, enlightenment, expertise, familiarisation [familiarization, -USA], familiarity, insight, knowledge, learning, acquaintance, understanding, cognisance [cognizance, -USA], connoisseurship, consciousness.Ex: The information-processing model of cognition, and developments in artificial intelligence encourage such comparisons = El modelo de la cognición sobre el procesamiento de la información de y los avances de la inteligencia artificial fomentan este tipo de comparaciones.
Ex: SLIS programmes intended to 'produce' librarians with competency in the use of IT have to be designed.Ex: Considered as necessary work in the interest of humanity and general enlightenment, bibliography gains ground as the years pass.Ex: Its primary function is to provide a centre for software and hardware expertise for its members.Ex: Step 1 Familiarisation: This first step involves the indexer in becoming conversant with the subject content of the document to be indexed.Ex: The most effective searchers are those who have both system experience and some familiarity with the subject area in which they are searching.Ex: The human indexer works mechanically and rapidly; he should require no insight into the document content.Ex: These factors form the basis of the problems in identifying a satisfactory subject approach, and start to explain the vast array of different tolls used in the subject approach to knowledge.Ex: It is the responsibility of educators to stretch their student's intellects, hone their skills of intuitive judgment and synthesis, and build a love of learning that will sustain them beyond the level of formal education.Ex: It is only with accumulating experience and many years of close study and acquaintance with bibliographic works that a really substantial body of knowledge of the potential of bibliographic sources is acquired.Ex: We librarians ought to have a clearer understanding of our stock-in-trade (books) and their function of social mechanism.Ex: The passive cognisance of growth causes considerable difficulties = El conocimiento pasivo del crecimiento causa dificultades importantes.Ex: This book explores the underlying institutional factors that help museum-based connoisseurship and aestheticism and university-based critical theory and revisionist scholarship exist.Ex: For example, the latter are unlikely to engage themselves in conservation issues as these now press upon the professional consciousness of librarians.* actualizar los conocimientos = upgrade + Posesivo + skills.* adquirir conocimiento = gain + knowledge, glean + knowledge, acquire + knowledge, build up + knowledge.* ampliar el conocimiento = expand + Posesivo + knowledge, expand + Posesivo + knowledge, widen + knowledge, broaden + knowledge, deepen + understanding.* ampliar las fronteras del conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.* análisis de áreas del conocimiento = domain analysis.* análisis de dominios del conocimiento = domain analysis.* aprendizaje rico en conocimiento = knowledge-rich learning.* área de conocimiento = area of study.* área del conocimiento = area of knowledge, discipline, subject field, field of activity, knowledge domain, discipline of knowledge.* aumentar el conocimiento = expand + Posesivo + knowledge, deepen + awareness.* aumento del conocimiento = knowledge building.* bannco de conocimiento = knowledge bank.* basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-based.* basado en las disciplinas del conocimiento = discipline-based.* bibliotecario con conocimientos de medicina = informationist.* búsqueda del conocimiento = quest for/of knowledge.* campo del conocimiento = field of knowledge.* centrado en el conocimiento = knowledge-centric.* ciencia del conocimiento = cognitive science.* compartir el conocimiento = knowledge sharing, pool + knowledge.* con conocimiento = authoritatively.* con conocimiento básico en el manejo de la información = information literate [information-literate].* con conocimiento básico en el uso de la biblioteca = library literate [library-literate].* con conocimiento de = appreciative of, conversant with.* con conocimiento de causa = knowingly, knowingly.* con conocimiento de informática = computer literate [computer-literate].* con conocimiento en el uso de Internet = Internet-savvy.* con conocimientos en = versed in.* con conocimientos sobre el correo electrónico = e-mail literate.* con el conocimiento de que = on the understanding that.* conjunto de conocimientos = body of knowledge.* conocimiento académico = academic knowledge.* conocimiento acumulado sobre un tema = lore.* conocimiento básico = working familiarity, working knowledge.* conocimiento científico = scientific knowledge.* conocimiento compartido = knowledge sharing.* conocimiento de base = foundation study.* conocimiento de cómo sobrevivir en el bosque = woodcraft.* conocimiento de embarque = bill of lading.* conocimiento de la existencia = awareness.* conocimiento de lengua = language skill.* conocimiento del objeto = object knowledge.* conocimiento de los diferentes soportes = media competency.* conocimiento detallado = intimate knowledge.* conocimiento de un área temática = area knowledge.* conocimiento documentado = recorded knowledge.* conocimiento enciclopédico = factual knowledge.* conocimiento en tecnología = technological skill.* conocimiento específico = expert knowledge.* conocimiento experto = expert knowledge, expertise.* conocimiento explícito = explicit knowledge.* conocimiento factual = declarative knowledge.* conocimiento humano = human consciousness.* conocimiento humano, el = human record, the.* conocimiento indígena = indigenous knowledge.* conocimiento lingüístico = language skill.* conocimiento mutuo = mutual knowledge.* conocimiento pasivo = nodding acquaintance.* conocimiento pleno = awareness.* conocimiento práctico = working knowledge, procedural knowledge.* conocimiento previo = foreknowledge.* conocimientos = knowledge base [knowledge-base].* conocimientos básicos = literacy.* conocimientos básicos de búsqueda, recuperación y organización de informació = information literacy.* conocimientos básicos de documentación = information literacy.* conocimientos básicos de informática = computer literacy.* conocimientos básicos en tecnología = technical literacy.* conocimientos básicos sobre el uso de las bibliotecas = library skills.* conocimientos de tecnología = techno-savvy, tech-savvy.* conocimientos en el manejo de la información = info-savvy.* conocimiento sobre una materia = subject knowledge.* conocimientos requeridos = job specs.* conocimiento tácito = tacit knowledge, tacit knowledge, tacit knowledge.* conocimiento técnico = know-how, technical knowledge.* conocimiento teórico = declarative knowledge.* con poco conocimiento de las nuevas tecnologías = technologically challenged.* corpus de conocimiento = corpus of knowledge.* crear un fondo común de conocimientos = pool + knowledge.* cúmulo de conocimiento = repository of knowledge, knowledge repository.* decisión con conocimiento de causa = informed decision.* difundir el conocimiento = spread + knowledge.* director ejecutivo de la gestión del conocimiento = knowledge executive.* dominio del conocimiento = knowledge domain.* economía basada en el conocimiento = knowledge driven economy.* economía del conocimiento = knowledge economy.* Era del Conocimiento, la = Knowledge Age, the.* estructuración del conocimiento = knowledge structuring.* examinar los conocimientos = test + knowledge.* falta de conocimiento = unfamiliarity.* filtro del conocimiento = knowledge filter.* fomentar el conocimiento = advance + knowledge.* fondo común de conocimientos = pool of knowledge, pool of expertise.* frontera del conocimiento = frontier of knowledge.* fundamentos del conocimiento, los = foundations of knowledge, the.* gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management (KM).* gestor del conocimiento = knowledge worker, knowledge manager.* hacer avanzar el conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.* hacer gala del conocimiento que uno tiene = air + knowledge.* hacer perder el conocimiento = knock + Nombre + out, knock + Nombre + unconscious.* hacer uso de un conocimiento = draw on/upon + knowledge.* impartir conocimiento = impart + knowledge.* inculcar conocimiento = instil + knowledge.* ingeniería del conocimiento = knowledge engineering.* ingeniero del conocimiento = knowledge engineer.* institucion del conocimiento = institution of learning.* intercambio de conocimientos = learning exchange, cross-fertilisation [cross-fertilization, -USA], cross-fertilisation of knowledge.* jefe de los servicios de gestión del conocimiento = chief knowledge officer (CKO).* metaconocimiento = meta-knowledge.* navegación por el conocimiento = knowledge navigation.* navegador del conocimiento = knowledge navigator.* obtener conocimiento = gain + an understanding.* ofrecer conocimiento = package + knowledge.* perder el conocimiento = lose + Posesivo + senses, pass out, lose + Posesivo + consciousness.* pérdida del conocimiento = unconsciousness, fainting, fainting fit, loss of consciousness.* personas sin conocimientos técnicos, las = non-technical, the.* presentar conocimiento = package + knowledge.* producto del conocimiento = knowledge record.* profundizar en el conocimiento = deepen + knowledge.* propagar el conocimiento = propagate + knowledge.* proporcionar conocimientos técnicos = supply + know-how.* quedarse sin conocimiento = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.* rama del conocimiento = branch of learning.* recobrar el conocimiento = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.* recuperar el conocimiento = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.* red de conocimiento = knowledge network.* servidor del conocimiento = knowledge server.* sin conocimiento = unconscious.* sin conocimiento de causa = unbeknown to, unbeknownst to.* sintetizar el conocimiento = synthesise + knowledge.* sistema basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-base system.* sistema de gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management system (KMS).* sociedad basada en el conocimiento = knowledge based society.* sociedad del conocimiento = knowledge society.* Sociedad para el Conocimiento Global = Global Knowledge Partnership.* suministrar conocimientos técnicos = supply + know-how.* tener conocimiento de = be privy to, be aware of.* toma de decisiones con conocimiento de causa = informed decision making.* tomar decisiones con conocimiento de causa = make + informed decisions.* transferencia de conocimiento = transfer of knowledge, knowledge transfer.* utilizar los conocimientos de Uno = put + Posesivo + knowledge to work.* * *A1 (saber) knowledgetiene algunos conocimientos de inglés he has some knowledge of English, he knows some EnglishB ( frml)(información): dio conocimiento del suceso a las autoridades he informed o ( frml) apprised the authorities of the incidentpuso el hecho en conocimiento de la policía she informed the police of the incident, she reported the incident to the policepongo en su conocimiento que … ( Corresp) I am writing to inform you that …al tener conocimiento del suceso upon learning of the incident ( frml)a esas horas no se tenía todavía conocimiento de la noticia at that time we/they still had not heard the newsciertas personas tienen conocimiento de sus actividades certain people are aware of her activitiesllegar a conocimiento de algn to come to sb's attention o notice ( frml)con conocimiento de causa: obró con conocimiento de causa ( frml); he took this step, fully aware of what the consequences would bete lo digo con conocimiento de causa I know what I'm talking aboutCompuesto:bill of lading, waybillC (sentido) consciousnessperder el conocimiento to lose consciousnesscuando recobró el conocimiento when he regained consciousness, when he came to o roundestar sin conocimiento to be unconsciousD(entendimiento): aún es pequeño, no tiene todavía conocimiento he's not old enough to understand* * *
conocimiento sustantivo masculino
poner algo en conocimiento de algn to inform sb of sth;
tener conocimiento de algo to be aware of sth
◊ perder/recobrar el conocimiento to lose/regain consciousness;
estar sin conocimiento to be unconscious
conocimiento sustantivo masculino
1 knowledge
2 (conciencia) consciousness
3 conocimientos, knowledge
♦ Locuciones: perder/recobrar el conocimiento, to lose/regain consciousness
con conocimiento de causa, with full knowledge of the facts
' conocimiento' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
braga
- ciencia
- conciencia
- desfallecer
- desvanecerse
- dominio
- error
- orientación
- parcela
- revelar
- sentida
- sentido
- experiencia
- perder
- pérdida
- reanimar
- recobrar
- saber
English:
acquaintance
- air
- black out
- blackout
- cognizance
- come to
- comprehensive
- consciousness
- familiarity
- grounding
- improve
- knock out
- knowledge
- notice
- privy
- recover
- self-awareness
- sketchy
- superficial
- thorough
- unconsciousness
- black
- knock
- know
- pass
* * *conocimiento nm1. [saber] knowledge;hablar/actuar con conocimiento de causa to know what one is talking about/doing;puso el robo en conocimiento de la policía she informed the police of the burglary;ponemos en su conocimiento que se ha detectado un error en el programa this is to inform you that an error has been detected in the program;no teníamos conocimiento de su dimisión we were not aware that he had resigned;al tener conocimiento del accidente, acudió inmediatamente al hospital when she found out about the accident she immediately went to the hospital;ha llegado a mi conocimiento que estás insatisfecho it has come to my attention that you are not happy2.conocimientos [nociones] knowledge;tengo algunos conocimientos de informática I have some knowledge of computers, I know a bit about computers;nuestros conocimientos acerca de la enfermedad son muy limitados our knowledge of the disease is very limited, we know very little about the disease3. [sentido, conciencia] consciousness;perder el conocimiento to lose consciousness;recobrar el conocimiento to regain consciousness;estaba tumbado en el suelo, sin conocimiento he was lying unconscious on the floor4. [juicio] (common) sense;no tiene todavía conocimiento para saber lo que es peligroso he doesn't yet have a sense of danger* * *m1 knowledge;poner alguien en conocimiento de algo inform s.o. of sth;para su conocimiento for your information;conocimientos pl ( nociones) knowledge sg2 MED consciousness;perder el conocimiento lose consciousness;sin conocimiento unconscious;recobrar el conocimiento regain consciousness* * *conocimiento nm1) : knowledge2) sentido: consciousness* * *1. (en general) knowledge2. (sentido) consciousness -
8 полное товарищество
1) General subject: unlimited partnership, Comm VA (General Partnership (Commanditaire Vennootschap op Aandelen/Société en Nom Collectif)2) Law: universal partnership, full partnership3) Economy: undivided interest5) Diplomatic term: general (ordinary) partnership (с неограниченной ответственностью членов товарищества)6) Banking: general partnership7) EBRD: partnership8) leg.N.P. no-limited companyУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > полное товарищество
-
9 Niepce, Joseph Nicéphore
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 1765 Franced. 5 July 1833 Chalon, France[br]French inventor who was the first to produce permanent photographic images with the aid of a camera.[br]Coming from a prosperous family, Niepce was educated in a Catholic seminary and destined for the priesthood. The French Revolution intervened and Niepce became an officer in an infantry regiment. An attack of typhoid fever in Italy ended his military career, and he returned to France and was married. Returning to his paternal home in Chalon in 1801, he joined with his brother Claude to construct an ingenious engine called the pyréolophore, which they patented in 1807. The French Government also encouraged the brothers in their attempts to produce large quantities of indigo-blue dye from wood, a venture that was ultimately unsuccessful.Nicéphore began to experiment with lithography, which led him to take an interest in the properties of light-sensitive materials. He pursued this interest after Claude moved to Paris in 1816 and is reported to have made negative images in a camera obscura using paper soaked in silver chloride. Niepce went on to experiment with bitumen of judea, a substance that hardened on exposure to light. In 1822, using bitumen of judea on glass, he produced a heliograph from an engraving. The first images from nature may have been made as early as 1824, but the world's earliest surviving photographic image was made in 1826. A view of the courtyard of Niepce's home in Chalon was captured on a pewter plate coated with bitumen of judea; an exposure of several hours was required, the softer parts of the bitumen being dissolved away by a solvent to reveal the image.In 1827 he took examples of his work to London where he met Francis Bauer, Secretary of the Royal Society. Nothing came of this meeting, but on returning to France Niepce continued his work and in 1829 entered into a formal partnership with L.J.M. Daguerre with a view to developing their mutual interest in capturing images formed by the camera obscura. However, the partnership made only limited progress and was terminated by Niepce's death in 1833. It was another six years before the announcement of the first practicable photographic processes was made.[br]Bibliography1973. Joseph Nicéphore Niepce lettres 1816–7, Pavillon de Photographie du Parc Naturel, Régional de Brotonne.1974, Joseph Nicéphore Niepce correspondences 1825–1829, Pavillon de Photographie du Parc Naturel, Régional de Brotonne.Further ReadingJ.M.Eder, 1945, History of Photography, trans. E. Epstean, New York (provides a full account of Niepce's life and work).H.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1969, The History of Photography, rev. edn, London (provides a full account of Niepce's life and work).JWBiographical history of technology > Niepce, Joseph Nicéphore
-
10 Trevithick, Richard
[br]b. 13 April 1771 Illogan, Cornwall, Englandd. 22 April 1833 Dartford, Kent, England[br]English engineer, pioneer of non-condensing steam-engines; designed and built the first locomotives.[br]Trevithick's father was a tin-mine manager, and Trevithick himself, after limited formal education, developed his immense engineering talent among local mining machinery and steam-engines and found employment as a mining engineer. Tall, strong and high-spirited, he was the eternal optimist.About 1797 it occurred to him that the separate condenser patent of James Watt could be avoided by employing "strong steam", that is steam at pressures substantially greater than atmospheric, to drive steam-engines: after use, steam could be exhausted to the atmosphere and the condenser eliminated. His first winding engine on this principle came into use in 1799, and subsequently such engines were widely used. To produce high-pressure steam, a stronger boiler was needed than the boilers then in use, in which the pressure vessel was mounted upon masonry above the fire: Trevithick designed the cylindrical boiler, with furnace tube within, from which the Cornish and later the Lancashire boilers evolved.Simultaneously he realized that high-pressure steam enabled a compact steam-engine/boiler unit to be built: typically, the Trevithick engine comprised a cylindrical boiler with return firetube, and a cylinder recessed into the boiler. No beam intervened between connecting rod and crank. A master patent was taken out.Such an engine was well suited to driving vehicles. Trevithick built his first steam-carriage in 1801, but after a few days' use it overturned on a rough Cornish road and was damaged beyond repair by fire. Nevertheless, it had been the first self-propelled vehicle successfully to carry passengers. His second steam-carriage was driven about the streets of London in 1803, even more successfully; however, it aroused no commercial interest. Meanwhile the Coalbrookdale Company had started to build a locomotive incorporating a Trevithick engine for its tramroads, though little is known of the outcome; however, Samuel Homfray's ironworks at Penydarren, South Wales, was already building engines to Trevithick's design, and in 1804 Trevithick built one there as a locomotive for the Penydarren Tramroad. In this, and in the London steam-carriage, exhaust steam was turned up the chimney to draw the fire. On 21 February the locomotive hauled five wagons with 10 tons of iron and seventy men for 9 miles (14 km): it was the first successful railway locomotive.Again, there was no commercial interest, although Trevithick now had nearly fifty stationary engines completed or being built to his design under licence. He experimented with one to power a barge on the Severn and used one to power a dredger on the Thames. He became Engineer to a project to drive a tunnel beneath the Thames at Rotherhithe and was only narrowly defeated, by quicksands. Trevithick then set up, in 1808, a circular tramroad track in London and upon it demonstrated to the admission-fee-paying public the locomotive Catch me who can, built to his design by John Hazledine and J.U. Rastrick.In 1809, by which date Trevithick had sold all his interest in the steam-engine patent, he and Robert Dickinson, in partnership, obtained a patent for iron tanks to hold liquid cargo in ships, replacing the wooden casks then used, and started to manufacture them. In 1810, however, he was taken seriously ill with typhus for six months and had to return to Cornwall, and early in 1811 the partners were bankrupt; Trevithick was discharged from bankruptcy only in 1814.In the meantime he continued as a steam engineer and produced a single-acting steam engine in which the cut-off could be varied to work the engine expansively by way of a three-way cock actuated by a cam. Then, in 1813, Trevithick was approached by a representative of a company set up to drain the rich but flooded silver-mines at Cerro de Pasco, Peru, at an altitude of 14,000 ft (4,300 m). Low-pressure steam engines, dependent largely upon atmospheric pressure, would not work at such an altitude, but Trevithick's high-pressure engines would. Nine engines and much other mining plant were built by Hazledine and Rastrick and despatched to Peru in 1814, and Trevithick himself followed two years later. However, the war of independence was taking place in Peru, then a Spanish colony, and no sooner had Trevithick, after immense difficulties, put everything in order at the mines then rebels arrived and broke up the machinery, for they saw the mines as a source of supply for the Spanish forces. It was only after innumerable further adventures, during which he encountered and was assisted financially by Robert Stephenson, that Trevithick eventually arrived home in Cornwall in 1827, penniless.He petitioned Parliament for a grant in recognition of his improvements to steam-engines and boilers, without success. He was as inventive as ever though: he proposed a hydraulic power transmission system; he was consulted over steam engines for land drainage in Holland; and he suggested a 1,000 ft (305 m) high tower of gilded cast iron to commemorate the Reform Act of 1832. While working on steam propulsion of ships in 1833, he caught pneumonia, from which he died.[br]BibliographyTrevithick took out fourteen patents, solely or in partnership, of which the most important are: 1802, Construction of Steam Engines, British patent no. 2,599. 1808, Stowing Ships' Cargoes, British patent no. 3,172.Further ReadingH.W.Dickinson and A.Titley, 1934, Richard Trevithick. The Engineer and the Man, Cambridge; F.Trevithick, 1872, Life of Richard Trevithick, London (these two are the principal biographies).E.A.Forward, 1952, "Links in the history of the locomotive", The Engineer (22 February), 226 (considers the case for the Coalbrookdale locomotive of 1802).See also: Blenkinsop, JohnPJGR -
11 amortization
Fin1. a method of recovering (deducting or writing off) the capital costs of intangible assets over a fixed period of time.EXAMPLEFor tax purposes, the distinction is not always made between amortization and depreciation, yet amortization remains a viable financial accounting concept in its own right.It is computed using the straight-line method of depreciation: divide the initial cost of the intangible asset by the estimated useful life of that asset.Initial cost/useful life = amortization per yearFor example, if it costs $10,000 to acquire a patent and it has an estimated useful life of 10 years, the amortized amount per year is $1,000.$10,000/10 = $1,000 per yearThe amount of amortization accumulated since the asset was acquired appears on the organization’s balance sheet as a deduction under the amortized asset.While that formula is straightforward, amortization can also incorporate a variety of noncash charges to net earnings and/or asset values, such as depletion, write-offs, prepaid expenses, and deferred charges. Accordingly, there are many rules to regulate how these charges appear on financial statements. The rules are different in each country, and are occasionally changed, so it is necessary to stay abreast of them and rely on expert advice.For financial reporting purposes, an intangible asset is amortized over a period of years. The amortizable life—“useful life”—of an intangible asset is the period over which it gives economic benefit.Intangibles that can be amortized can include:Copyrights, based on the amount paid either to purchase them or to develop them internally, plus the costs incurred in producing the work (wages or materials, for example). At present, a copyright is granted to a corporation for 75 years, and to an individual for the life of the author plus 50 years. However, the estimated useful life of a copyright is usually far less than its legal life, and it is generally amortized over a fairly short period;Cost of a franchise, including any fees paid to the franchiser, as well legal costs or expenses incurred in the acquisition. A franchise granted for a limited period should be amortized over its life. If the franchise has an indefinite life, it should be amortized over a reasonable period not to exceed 40 years;Covenants not to compete: an agreement by the seller of a business not to engage in a competing business in a certain area for a specific period of time. The cost of the not-tocompete covenant should be amortized over the period covered by the covenant unless its estimated economic life is expected to be less;Easement costs that grant a right of way may be amortized if there is a limited and specified life; Organization costs incurred when forming a corporation or a partnership, including legal fees, accounting services, incorporation fees, and other related services.Organization costs are usually amortized over 60 months;Patents, both those developed internally and those purchased. If developed internally, a patent’s “amortizable basis” includes legal fees incurred during the application process. A patent should be amortized over its legal life or its economic life, whichever is the shorter;Trademarks, brands, and trade names, which should be written off over a period not to exceed 40 years;Other types of property that may be amortized include certain intangible drilling costs, circulation costs, mine development costs, pollution control facilities, and reforestation expenditures;Certain intangibles cannot be amortized, but may be depreciated using a straight-line approach if they have “determinable” useful life. Because the rules are different in each country and are subject to change, it is essential to rely on specialist advice.2. the repayment of the principal and interest on a loan in equal amounts over a period of time -
12 shareholder
Fina person or organization that owns shares in a limited company or partnership. A shareholder has a stake in the company and becomes a member of it, with rights to attend the annual meeting. Since shareholders have invested money in a company, they have a vested interest in its performance, can be a powerful influence on company policy, and should consequently be considered stakeholders as well as shareholders. Some pressure groups have sought to exploit this by becoming shareholders in order to get a particular viewpoint or message across. At the same time, managers must, in order to maintain or increase the company’s market value, consider their responsibility to shareholders when formulating strategy. It has been argued that on some occasions the desire to make profits to raise returns for shareholders has damaged companies because it has limited the amount of money spent in other areas, such as the development of facilities, or health and safety. -
13 Roebuck, John
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 1718 Sheffield, Englandd. 17 July 1794[br]English chemist and manufacturer, inventor of the lead-chamber process for sulphuric acid.[br]The son of a prosperous Sheffield manufacturer, Roebuck forsook the family business to pursue studies in medicine at Edinburgh University. There he met Dr Joseph Black (1727–99), celebrated Professor of Chemistry, who aroused in Roebuck a lasting interest in chemistry. Roebuck continued his studies at Leyden, where he took his medical degree in 1742. He set up in practice in Birmingham, but in his spare time he continued chemical experiments that might help local industries.Among his early achievements was his new method of refining gold and silver. Success led to the setting up of a large laboratory and a reputation as a chemical consultant. It was at this time that Roebuck devised an improved way of making sulphuric acid. This vital substance was then made by burning sulphur and nitre (potassium nitrate) over water in a glass globe. The scale of the process was limited by the fragility of the glass. Roebuck substituted "lead chambers", or vessels consisting of sheets of lead, a metal both cheap and resistant to acids, set in wooden frames. After the first plant was set up in 1746, productivity rose and the price of sulphuric acid fell sharply. Success encouraged Roebuck to establish a second, larger plant at Prestonpans, near Edinburgh. He preferred to rely on secrecy rather than patents to preserve his monopoly, but a departing employee took the secret with him and the process spread rapidly in England and on the European continent. It remained the standard process until it was superseded by the contact process towards the end of the nineteenth century. Roebuck next turned his attention to ironmaking and finally selected a site on the Carron river, near Falkirk in Scotland, where the raw materials and water power and transport lay close at hand. The Carron ironworks began producing iron in 1760 and became one of the great names in the history of ironmaking. Roebuck was an early proponent of the smelting of iron with coke, pioneered by Abraham Darby at Coalbrookdale. To supply the stronger blast required, Roebuck consulted John Smeaton, who c. 1760 installed the first blowing cylinders of any size.All had so far gone well for Roebuck, but he now leased coal-mines and salt-works from the Duke of Hamilton's lands at Borrowstonness in Linlithgow. The coal workings were plagued with flooding which the existing Newcomen engines were unable to overcome. Through his friendship with Joseph Black, patron of James Watt, Roebuck persuaded Watt to join him to apply his improved steam-engine to the flooded mine. He took over Black's loan to Watt of £1,200, helped him to obtain the first steam-engine patent of 1769 and took a two-thirds interest in the project. However, the new engine was not yet equal to the task and the debts mounted. To satisfy his creditors, Roebuck had to dispose of his capital in his various ventures. One creditor was Matthew Boulton, who accepted Roebuck's two-thirds share in Watt's steam-engine, rather than claim payment from his depleted estate, thus initiating a famous partnership. Roebuck was retained to manage Borrowstonness and allowed an annuity for his continued support until his death in 1794.[br]Further ReadingMemoir of John Roebuck in J.Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. 4 (1798), pp. 65–87.S.Gregory, 1987, "John Roebuck, 18th century entrepreneur", Chem. Engr. 443:28–31.LRD -
14 Hancock, Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 8 May 1786 Marlborough, Wiltshire, Englandd. 26 March 1865 Stoke Newington, London, England[br]English founder of the British rubber industry.[br]After education at a private school in Marlborough, Hancock spent some time in "mechanical pursuits". He went to London to better himself and c.1819 his interest was aroused in the uses of rubber, which until then had been limited. His first patent, dated 29 April 1820, was for the application of rubber in clothing where some elasticity was useful, such as braces or slip-on boots. He noticed that freshly cut pieces of rubber could be made to adhere by pressure to form larger pieces. To cut up his imported and waste rubber into small pieces, Hancock developed his "masticator". This device consisted of a spiked roller revolving in a hollow cylinder. However, when rubber was fed in to the machine, the product was not the expected shredded rubber, but a homogeneous cylindrical mass of solid rubber, formed by the heat generated by the process and pressure against the outer cylinder. This rubber could then be compacted into blocks or rolled into sheets at his factory in Goswell Road, London; the blocks and sheets could be used to make a variety of useful articles. Meanwhile Hancock entered into partnership with Charles Macintosh in Manchester to manufacture rubberized, waterproof fabrics. Despite these developments, rubber remained an unsatisfactory material, becoming sticky when warmed and losing its elasticity when cold. In 1842 Hancock encountered specimens of vulcanized rubber prepared by Charles Goodyear in America. Hancock worked out for himself that it was made by heating rubber and sulphur, and obtained a patent for the manufacture of the material on 21 November 1843. This patent also included details of a new form of rubber, hardened by heating to a higher temperature, that was later called vulcanite, or ebonite. In 1846 he began making solid rubber tyres for road vehicles. Overall Hancock took out sixteen patents, covering all aspects of the rubber industry; they were a leading factor in the development of the industry from 1820 until their expiry in 1858.[br]Bibliography1857, Personal Narrative of the Origin and Progress of the Caoutchouc or Indiarubber Manufacture in England, London.Further ReadingH.Schurer, 1953, "The macintosh: the paternity of an invention", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 28:77–87.LRD
См. также в других словарях:
Limited partnership — Partnership Part ner*ship, n. 1. The state or condition of being a partner; as, to be in partnership with another; to have partnership in the fortunes of a family or a state. [1913 Webster] 2. A division or sharing among partners; joint… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Limited liability limited partnership — The limited liability limited partnership (LLLP) is a relatively new modification of the limited partnership, a form of business entity recognized under U.S. commercial law. An LLLP is a limited partnership and as such consists of one or more… … Wikipedia
Edmonton Investors Group Limited Partnership — The Edmonton Investors Group Limited Partnership was a the limited partnership that owned the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League, and is currently an owner of the Edmonton Oil Kings of the Western Hockey LeagueFact|date=July 2008. With … Wikipedia
partnership — part·ner·ship n: an association of two or more persons or entities that conduct a business for profit as co owners see also uniform partnership act in the important laws section compare corporation, joint venture, sole pro … Law dictionary
Partnership — Part ner*ship, n. 1. The state or condition of being a partner; as, to be in partnership with another; to have partnership in the fortunes of a family or a state. [1913 Webster] 2. A division or sharing among partners; joint possession or… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Partnership in commendam — Partnership Part ner*ship, n. 1. The state or condition of being a partner; as, to be in partnership with another; to have partnership in the fortunes of a family or a state. [1913 Webster] 2. A division or sharing among partners; joint… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Partnership — For the cricket term, see Partnership (cricket). A partnership is an arrangement where parties agree to cooperate to advance their mutual interests.[1] Since humans are social beings, partnerships between individuals, businesses, interest based… … Wikipedia
Partnership taxation in the United States — The rules governing partnership taxation, for purposes of the U.S. Federal income tax, are codified as Subchapter K of Chapter 1 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code (Title 26 of the United States Code). Partnerships are flow through entities. Flow… … Wikipedia
Limited liability company — This article is about a U.S. specific business entity form. For limited liability companies in the United Kingdom, see Limited company. For a general discussion of entities with limited liability, see Corporation … Wikipedia
Limited liability partnership — A limited liability partnership (abbreviated as LLP) has elements of partnerships and corporations. In an LLP, all partners have a form of limited liability for each individual s protection within the partnership, similar to that of the… … Wikipedia
Partnership (Hong Kong) — A partnership in Hong Kong is a business entity formed by the [http://www.hklii.org/hk/legis/en/ord/38/ Partnerships Ordinance] , which defines a partnership as the relation between persons carrying on a business in common with a view of profit… … Wikipedia